{"id":2096,"date":"2025-09-11T20:58:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T20:58:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/columbusconstr.wpenginepowered.com\/?post_type=construction-issue&#038;p=2096"},"modified":"2026-03-04T19:26:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T19:26:14","slug":"so-called-right-to-work","status":"publish","type":"construction-issue","link":"https:\/\/columbusconstruction.org\/es\/construction-issue\/so-called-right-to-work\/","title":{"rendered":"El llamado \u201cderecho al trabajo\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; next_background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/columbusconstruction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Hero-1.png&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; bottom_divider_style=&#8221;asymmetric4&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; module_class=&#8221;flex items-center mobile-col-reverse&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;64px|200px|64px|200px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_font=&#8221;Itc franklin gothic||||||||&#8221; header_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;40px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||||false|false&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;23px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d<\/span><\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;64px|63px|64px|63px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|||||&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<h2><span>A Deceptive Name for an Anti-Worker Policy<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p>The designation of \u201cRight to Work\u201d was created by the supporters and proponents of anti-labor<br \/>interests to put a positive spin on an otherwise damaging statute.<\/p>\n<p>On the surface, So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws prohibit worker security agreements between labor unions and their employers.<\/p>\n<p>In reality, these laws strip workers of union protections, lowering wages and endangering worker safety and health.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; 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custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;110px|63px|110px|63px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/columbusconstruction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/So-Called-Right-To-Work.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;So-Called Right To Work&#8221; title_text=&#8221;So-Called-Right-To-Work&#8221; force_fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2><span>Right to Work Laws Hurt Unions and their Members<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;16px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws make it optional for workers protected by a union contract to help pay for the expenses that a union incurs while guaranteeing the rights of all employees. They restrict freedom of association by prohibiting workers and employers from agreeing to contracts that include fair share fees, forcing dues-paying union members to subsidize services to non-union employees.\n\nIn essence, RTW laws hit unions and their members in the pocketbook, forcing them to pay for services used by non-union members.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;64px|63px|15px|63px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||1px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px|||||&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<h2><span>The Right to Work for Less<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<p>According to data from the Economic Policy Institute, workers in &#8220;Right to Work&#8221; states are paid 3.2 percent less than workers in non-RTW states, which translates to $1,670 less per year for a full-time worker. Fewer of these workers have employer-sponsored health insurance and pensions compared to the workers in non-RTW states.<\/p>\n<p>By many measures, quality of life is worse in states with So-Called &#8220;Right to Work\u201d laws. Wages are lower, people are less likely to have health insurance, and the necessary resources for quality education, and poverty levels are higher, as are workplace fatality rates. According to data from the U.S. Department of Labor and the U.S. Census Bureau:<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n<li>The rate of workplace deaths is 52.9 percent higher in states with So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws.<\/li>\n<li>States with Right to Work laws spend $2,671 percent less per pupil on elementary and secondary education than other states.<\/li>\n<li>Infant mortality rates are 28 percent higher in So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d states.<\/li>\n<li>Life expectancy at birth is 2 years lower in RTW states.<\/li>\n<li>The number of households in Right to Work states falling below the poverty line is 15 percent higher.<\/li>\n<li>In RTW states, the number of households receiving food stamps is 10 percent higher.<\/li>\n<\/ul>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px|63px|23px|63px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713&#8243; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;16px|||||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}&#8221;]<p><span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Federal law already prohibits any American from being forced to join a union, meaning So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws do not grant any rights, only weaken unions and their protection of workers.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;64px|63px|64px|63px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;64px|30px|64px|30px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;off|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_enable_color=&#8221;off&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||0px||true|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0px|0px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<h2><span>Studies and Analysis of the Damage From So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d Laws<\/span><span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>To learn about the dangers of So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws, the Columbus\/Central Ohio Building and Construction Trades Council encourages you to read more.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#c12233&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||28px||false|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p><strong><span>So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d is wrong for Montana<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;29.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>David Cooper<br \/>Julia Wolfe<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.6)&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;13.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px||true|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>This report by the Economic Policy Institute discusses how Montana workers would not see employment gains if a So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d law was enacted. Instead, of helping workers, a So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d law would curb their ability to collectively push for better wages, benefits and working conditions. It would lower wages for both union and non-union workers.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/files.epi.org\/pdf\/219542.pdf&#8221; button_text=&#8221;VIEW PDF OF STUDY&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#1d4387&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#c7c9ca&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Itc franklin gothic|700|||||||&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||10px||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; button_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; button_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#1d4387&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||28px||false|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p><strong><span>The effects of \u201cRight-To-Work\u201d regulations on worker earnings, union membership and labor force participation across the United States<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;29.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P\nRobert Bruno, Ph.D.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.6)&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;13.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px||true|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Using two models, this analysis found that So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws reduce the union membership rate, decrease hourly earnings, and are associated with slower wage growth.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/illinoisupdate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ilepi-pmcr-impact-of-rtw-on-workers-2023-final.pdf&#8221; button_text=&#8221;VIEW PDF OF STUDY&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#c12233&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#c7c9ca&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Itc franklin gothic|700|||||||&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||10px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; button_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; button_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#899093&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||28px||false|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; 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breadth of national evidence shows why Missouri voters should reject RTW law <\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;29.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;10px||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px|||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Janelle Jones\nHeidi Shierholz[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; 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max_width=&#8221;1440px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px||28px||false|true&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p><strong><span>Promoting Good Jobs and a Stronger Economy<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.6)&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;13.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px||true|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]How Free Collective-Bargaining States Outperform \u201cRight-to-Work\u201d States[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;29.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||3px|||&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||false|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P\nRobert Bruno, Ph.D.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; text_font=&#8221;|&#8211;et_global_body_font_weight|||||||&#8221; text_text_color=&#8221;rgba(255,255,255,0.6)&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_2_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;13.8px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px||true|false&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;16px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]<p>This report shows that states without Right to Work laws have higher wages, greater health coverage, better retirement security, more investment in education and worker training, fewer on-the-job fatalities, faster-growing economies, higher life expectancies, lower infant mortality rates and broader civic and political engagement. \u201cRight-to-work\u201d states, on the other hand, have worse economic outcomes and weaker communities.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=&#8221;https:\/\/illinoisupdate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ilepi-pmcr-promoting-good-jobs-and-a-stronger-economy-final.pdf&#8221; button_text=&#8221;VIEW PDF OF STUDY&#8221; button_alignment=&#8221;left&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_button=&#8221;on&#8221; button_text_size=&#8221;18px&#8221; button_bg_color=&#8221;#1d4387&#8243; button_border_color=&#8221;#c7c9ca&#8221; button_border_radius=&#8221;0px&#8221; button_font=&#8221;Itc franklin gothic|700|||||||&#8221; button_use_icon=&#8221;off&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||10px||false|false&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; button_text_shadow_style=&#8221;preset4&#8243; button_text_shadow_vertical_length=&#8221;0em&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; url_new_window=&#8221;on&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descubre la verdad sobre las llamadas leyes de \u201cderecho al trabajo\u201d. Eliminan las protecciones laborales y reducen los salarios en Ohio.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":5249,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_image=\"https:\/\/columbusconstruction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Hero-1.png\" background_position=\"top_center\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" module_class=\"flex items-center mobile-col-reverse\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_margin_tablet=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_margin_phone=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_margin_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" custom_padding=\"64px|200px|64px|200px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_font=\"Itc franklin gothic||||||||\" header_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_font_size=\"40px\" custom_margin=\"||1px|||\" custom_padding=\"10px||||false|false\" header_font_size_tablet=\"24px\" header_font_size_phone=\"23px\" header_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span>Project Labor Agreements<\/span><\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_padding=\"64px|63px|64px|63px|false|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_2_text_color=\"gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" custom_margin=\"||1px|||\" custom_padding=\"3px|||||\" header_2_font_size_tablet=\"22px\" header_2_font_size_phone=\"22px\" header_2_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}\"]<h2><span>Protecting workers for nearly a century<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}\"]In effect since 1931, the State of Ohio\u2019s Prevailing Wage Law prevents building contractors from undercutting workers\u2019 wages and benefits, which benefits the local economy.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"64px|30px|64px|30px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"64px|30px|64px|30px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" module_class=\"flex items-center wrap\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_padding=\"64px|63px|64px|63px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/columbusconstruction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Group-5.png\" title_text=\"Group 5\" force_fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"20px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<h2><span>What is Prevailing Wage?<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"16px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]Prevailing Wage laws require construction contractors who work on publicly funded projects to pay construction workers at least the Prevailing Wages and benefits for the area where they are completing the work.\n\nPrevailing Wages are the actual hourly wages, benefits and overtime to be paid to workers, as calculated by the U.S. Department of Labor and Ohio Department of Labor for construction trades.\n\nMost projects funded by local, county and state governments are subject to Prevailing Wage laws.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" module_class=\"flex items-center wrap\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||true|false\" custom_padding=\"64px|63px|64px|63px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_2_text_color=\"gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" custom_margin=\"||1px|||\" header_2_font_size_tablet=\"24px\" header_2_font_size_phone=\"24px\" header_2_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}\"]<h2><span>Davis-Bacon Act<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_text_color=\"gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713\" text_font_size=\"18px\" custom_padding=\"||4px|||\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}\"]Many construction projects funded by the federal government are subject to the Davis-Bacon Act.\n\nAccording to the U.S. Department of Labor, the Davis-Bacon Act applies to contractors and subcontractors performing on federally funded or assisted contracts in excess of $2,000 for the construction, alteration, or repair (including painting and decorating) of public buildings or public works. Contractors and subcontractors working on projects covered by the Davis-Bacon Act must pay their laborers and mechanics employed under the contract no less than the locally Prevailing Wages and fringe benefits for corresponding work on similar projects in the area.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/columbusconstruction.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/cf15d2b9e75b8f3f2abdcc02ca1e95ea997babc2.png\" title_text=\"cf15d2b9e75b8f3f2abdcc02ca1e95ea997babc2\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#f4f4f4\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_padding=\"64px|63px|64px|63px|false|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|30px|40px|30px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" header_2_text_color=\"gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" custom_margin=\"||1px|||\" custom_padding=\"3px|||||\" header_2_font_size_tablet=\"22px\" header_2_font_size_phone=\"22px\" header_2_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22header_2_text_color%22%93}\"]<h2><span>The benefits of Prevailing Wage<\/span><\/h2>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713\" text_font_size=\"18px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-fbe8b446-55bf-4446-b6ba-313267057713%22:%91%22text_text_color%22%93}\"]Extensive research has consistently shown that Prevailing Wage laws benefit all building trades workers, construction project owners and the public in general. Data regularly demonstrates that these laws do not result in significant cost variations on construction projects and, in fact, result in savings due to better investment in the workforce and the resulting higher-quality construction. They also show that in most instances, it is the cost of the building materials that drives up the price of a project \u2013 not the workforce.\n\nPrevailing Wage laws keep cost overruns low and quality high by utilizing a workforce that is paid properly to do the job right the first time.\n\nFurthermore, Prevailing Wage jobs benefit the local economy by ensuring local contractors and local construction crews work on projects. These workers spend their wages locally, which benefits area businesses and keeps the local economy moving.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f\" custom_margin=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|true|true\" custom_padding=\"64px|63px|64px|63px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"64px|30px|64px|30px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{%22gcid-f6841ab2-6556-4ee9-a345-ac304b36ae3f%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\"][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"off|desktop\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_enable_color=\"off\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||0px||true|true\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0px|0px|false|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"40px|20px|40px|20px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_padding=\"||30px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<h2><span>Prevailing Wage Studies<\/span><span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span>Still unsure about the benefits of Prevailing Wage? Here are a few of the many studies that show Prevailing Wage is good for all parties involved.<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#c12233\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||28px||false|true\" custom_padding=\"34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><strong><span>The Economic Impact of Prevailing Wage Law Repeals on Construction Market Outcomes<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.6)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"13.8px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px||true|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Evidence from Repeals Between 2015 and 2018<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"||3px|||\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]Frank Manzo IV, MPP\nRobert Bruno, PhD\nLarissa Petrucci, PhD[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"||3px|||\" custom_padding=\"10px||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/illinoisupdate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ilepi-pmcr-impact-of-pwl-repeals-from-2015-to-2018-final.pdf\">https:\/\/illinoisupdate.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ilepi-pmcr-impact-of-pwl-repeals-from-2015-to-2018-final.pdf<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.6)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"13.8px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px||true|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]Released in 2023, this Illinois Economic Policy Institute and Project for Middle Class Renewal at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign study compares construction market outcomes in states that repealed their prevailing wage laws to those that maintained their Prevailing Wage laws. It found that the states that repealed their Prevailing Wage laws created negative consequences for construction workers, businesses and communities. Construction worker wages, benefits and productivity fell behind states with Prevailing Wage laws. Additionally, those who repealed the law had more on-the-job fatalities, a higher percentage of residents who rely on government assistance programs and fewer projects completed by local contractors \u2013 all without saving taxpayers money.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#1d4387\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||28px||false|true\" custom_padding=\"34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><strong><span>The Effects of Repealing Prevailing Wage in Wisconsin<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.6)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"13.8px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px||true|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]Impacts on Ten Construction Market Outcomes[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"10px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]Frank Manzo IV, MPP\nJill Gigstad\nKevin Duncan, Ph.D.\nNathaniel Goodell[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"||3px|||\" custom_padding=\"10px||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/faircontracting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mepi-csu-wisconsin-repeal-study-final.pdf\">https:\/\/faircontracting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/mepi-csu-wisconsin-repeal-study-final.pdf<\/a><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.6)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"13.8px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px||true|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]This Midwest Economic Policy Institute study from 2020 revealed that the repeal of Prevailing Wage laws hurt Wisconsin. Construction worker income growth did not keep up with neighboring states, construction worker health insurance coverage declined, the construction workforce became less diverse, and more construction workers needed government assistance programs. Additionally, the Wisconsin Department of Transportation had fewer bids on projects and more projects awarded to out-of-state contractors.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#899093\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||28px||false|true\" custom_padding=\"34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><strong><span>What the Research Tells Us About the Costs and Benefits of Prevailing Wage Laws in Colorado<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"10px||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px|||\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]Kevin Duncan, Ph. D.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"||3px|||\" custom_padding=\"10px||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/faircontracting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Colorado-Prevailing-Wage-Study-2024.pdf\">https:\/\/faircontracting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Colorado-Prevailing-Wage-Study-2024.pdf<\/a><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.6)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"13.8px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px||true|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]Released in 2024, this study examined the results of past Prevailing Wage studies. It found that 91 percent of studies revealed that Prevailing Wage laws do not increase construction costs. Duncan also found that Prevailing Wage laws benefit local contractors, employers and the local economy. They help reduce injuries, discourage underground labor practices (paying workers in cash) and increase the amount of income tax collected.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=\"on|phone\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" background_color=\"#c12233\" width=\"100%\" max_width=\"1440px\" custom_margin=\"0px||28px||false|true\" custom_padding=\"34px|34px|34px|34px|true|true\" custom_padding_tablet=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" custom_padding_phone=\"30px|20px|30px|20px|true|true\" locked=\"off\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p><strong><span>The Impact of Montana\u2019s Prevailing Wage Law Effects on Costs, Training, and Economic Development<\/span><\/strong><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"||3px|||\" custom_padding=\"10px||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<p>Kevin Duncan, Ph. D<br \/>Matthew Hinkel, Ph. D.<br \/>Frank Manzo IV, MPP<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"29.8px\" custom_margin=\"||3px|||\" custom_padding=\"10px||0px||false|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/faircontracting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/csu-ac-ilepi-impact-of-prevailing-wage-in-montana-final.pdf\">https:\/\/faircontracting.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/csu-ac-ilepi-impact-of-prevailing-wage-in-montana-final.pdf<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.27.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" text_font=\"|--et_global_body_font_weight|||||||\" text_text_color=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.6)\" text_font_size=\"18px\" header_2_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_2_font_size=\"36px\" header_3_text_color=\"#FFFFFF\" header_3_font_size=\"20px\" min_height=\"13.8px\" custom_margin=\"||0px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px||true|false\" hover_enabled=\"0\" text_font_size_tablet=\"16px\" text_font_size_phone=\"16px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|tablet\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]The 2023 Midwest Economic Policy Institute study showed that Montana\u2019s Prevailing Wage law positively impacts the state\u2019s economy and delivers great value for taxpayers. It levels the playing field, promotes job quality, boosts investment in apprenticeship training programs, improves worksite safety and stabilizes construction costs.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false},"class_list":["post-2096","construction-issue","type-construction-issue","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d Laws | Columbus Building Trades<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the truth about So-Called \u201cRight to Work\u201d laws. 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